Some flowers have found a nifty way to get the blues.They create a blue halo, apparently to attract the bees they need for pollination, scientists reported Wednesday. Bees are drawn to the color blue, but it's hard for flowers to make that color in their petals.Instead, some flowers use a trick of physics. They produce a blue halo when sunlight strikes a series of tiny ridges in their thin waxy surfaces. The ridges alter how the light bounces back, which affects the color that one sees.
Fascinating subject:https://apnews.com/95b0bcb8e7174459aa2df36ab1e66a3d/Some-flowers-create-blue-halo-to-say-hello-to-foraging-beesQuoteSome flowers have found a nifty way to get the blues.They create a blue halo, apparently to attract the bees they need for pollination, scientists reported Wednesday. Bees are drawn to the color blue, but it's hard for flowers to make that color in their petals.Instead, some flowers use a trick of physics. They produce a blue halo when sunlight strikes a series of tiny ridges in their thin waxy surfaces. The ridges alter how the light bounces back, which affects the color that one sees.
The petals of a range of flowers harbour repeated patterns of nanostructures that show similar levels of disorder across species. This degree of disorder produces a blue halo of scattered light that helps bees to find flowers.
Quote from: socrates1 on October 19, 2017, 06:12:02 AMFascinating subject:https://apnews.com/95b0bcb8e7174459aa2df36ab1e66a3d/Some-flowers-create-blue-halo-to-say-hello-to-foraging-beesQuoteSome flowers have found a nifty way to get the blues.They create a blue halo, apparently to attract the bees they need for pollination, scientists reported Wednesday. Bees are drawn to the color blue, but it's hard for flowers to make that color in their petals.Instead, some flowers use a trick of physics. They produce a blue halo when sunlight strikes a series of tiny ridges in their thin waxy surfaces. The ridges alter how the light bounces back, which affects the color that one sees.http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature24155.htmlQuoteThe petals of a range of flowers harbour repeated patterns of nanostructures that show similar levels of disorder across species. This degree of disorder produces a blue halo of scattered light that helps bees to find flowers.
Diverse forms of nanoscale architecture generate structural colour and perform signalling functions within and between species. Structural colour is the result of the interference of light from approximately regular periodic structures; some structural disorder is, however, inevitable in biological organisms. Is this disorder functional and subject to evolutionary selection, or is it simply an unavoidable outcome of biological developmental processes? Here we show that disordered nanostructures enable flowers to produce visual signals that are salient to bees. These disordered nanostructures (identified in most major lineages of angiosperms) have distinct anatomies but convergent optical properties; they all produce angle-dependent scattered light, predominantly at short wavelengths (ultraviolet and blue). We manufactured artificial flowers with nanoscale structures that possessed tailored levels of disorder in order to investigate how foraging bumblebees respond to this optical effect. We conclude that floral nanostructures have evolved, on multiple independent occasions, an effective degree of relative spatial disorder that generates a photonic signature that is highly salient to insect pollinators.
To investigate bee attraction to angiosperms, Moyroud et al.3 carefully analysed the nanostructures of a dozen flower species that vary in colour and are evolutionarily distant from one another. As expected, the surfaces of the flowers showed different nanostructural repeat motifs, resulting in different colours or hues. The authors confirmed previous reports8, 9, 10 that the organization of each of these repeat motifs shows some disorder. Surprisingly, they found that the level of disorder was similar across all 12 species, and so was independent of the fundamental nanostructural pattern that gave rise to each flower's primary colour or hue. Therefore, the degree of disorder seems to be evolutionarily conserved and a phenomenon common to otherwise divergent species. The disorder might have originated from a single common ancestor and been propagated through the various evolutionary branches, but it cannot be excluded that the phenomenon has arisen independently several times.
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature24155.htmlQuoteTo investigate bee attraction to angiosperms, Moyroud et al.3 carefully analysed the nanostructures of a dozen flower species that vary in colour and are evolutionarily distant from one another. As expected, the surfaces of the flowers showed different nanostructural repeat motifs, resulting in different colours or hues. The authors confirmed previous reports8, 9, 10 that the organization of each of these repeat motifs shows some disorder. Surprisingly, they found that the level of disorder was similar across all 12 species, and so was independent of the fundamental nanostructural pattern that gave rise to each flower's primary colour or hue. Therefore, the degree of disorder seems to be evolutionarily conserved and a phenomenon common to otherwise divergent species. The disorder might have originated from a single common ancestor and been propagated through the various evolutionary branches, but it cannot be excluded that the phenomenon has arisen independently several times.
We conclude that floral nanostructures have evolved, on multiple independent occasions, an effective degree of relative spatial disorder that generates a photonic signature that is highly salient to insect pollinators.
Another video of the intelligence of Naturehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q-4w5xYLwiU&t=1520s
So Nature is intelligent.
Quote from: socrates1 on October 21, 2017, 06:44:25 AMAnother video of the intelligence of Naturehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q-4w5xYLwiU&t=1520sSo Nature is intelligent. Science is slowly documenting that intelligence.
Science is slowly documenting that intelligence. But still has not acknowledged that Nature is intelligent.
Quote from: socrates1 on October 22, 2017, 08:10:27 AMQuote from: socrates1 on October 21, 2017, 06:44:25 AMAnother video of the intelligence of Naturehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q-4w5xYLwiU&t=1520sSo Nature is intelligent. Science is slowly documenting that intelligence. Quote from: socrates1 on October 22, 2017, 08:10:27 AMQuote from: socrates1 on October 21, 2017, 06:44:25 AMAnother video of the intelligence of Naturehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q-4w5xYLwiU&t=1520sSo Nature is intelligent. Science is slowly documenting that intelligence. Science is slowly documenting that intelligence. But still has not acknowledged that Nature is intelligent.
The interesting question is: What is the source of that intelligence? Science has been documenting HOW the intelligence functions.
...Amazing Stuff From Nature...The interesting question is: What is the source of that intelligence? Science has been documenting HOW the intelligence functions.